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According to their functional purposes, the complexes of Orthodox churches are divided into spiritual missions, diocesan centers, monastic and parish complexes and temples in their composition, as well as in the composition of residential and public buildings and structures. Complexes from Catholic churches have a similar functional distribution system. An Orthodox or Catholic Christian church must be organized so that its altar is directed to the east, taking into account the urban conditions of the territory, the possibility of its displacement within 30 degrees is allowed, and the axis of the building is oriented along the east-west line. The site of the temple complex is divided into several functional zones:
- temple;
- input;
- economic;
- auxiliary purpose.
The main entrance to the temple building is located on the western side. The compositional and figurative solution of the sacred ensemble is harmoniously complemented by the background environment, as well as the placement of the temple on the terrain. A temple or a church often occupies a central place in the surrounding buildings, subordinating the space to itself, or closes, thanks to its volume, the main directions of visual perception, located along the axis of communication links. The building of an Orthodox church consists of the main three volumes: the altar, the middle part, the vestibule. The temple often includes such parts as: baptismal, refectory, bell tower and aisles. A liturgical building may also consist of one room, divided into an altar and the temple itself. Orthodox symbols and traditions include the following elements:
- the temple ends with a head with a cross;
- the floor of the temple is raised above ground level, and the soles with the altar are raised above the level of the chrome floor (may not be provided in house churches);
- the forms of arches, domes, the completion of openings for windows, as well as doors, the forms of vaults, domes and other elements of the facade are rounded, which rise towards the center;
- lighting of the middle part of the temple is organized from above from the drums of domes and openings in the upper part of the walls.
In addition to temples, temple complexes include office buildings and structures. Thus, church houses consist of such functionally grouped premises: entrance group, administrative, rest and auxiliary, baptismal, group of premises for charitable activities, group of educational premises, art workshops.